On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals 
          ~William Harvey~ 
         
           
            
           
          “The heart, consequently, is the beginning of life; the 
          sun of the microcosm, even as the sun in his turn might well be designated 
          the heart of the world; for it is the heart by whose virtue and pulse 
          the blood is moved, perfected, and made nutrient, and is preserved from 
          corruption and coagulation; it is the household divinity which, discharging 
          its function, nourishes, cherishes, quickens the whole body, and is 
          indeed the foundation of life, the source of all action.”  
       
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       “. . . I tremble lest I have mankind at 
        large for my enemies, so much doth wont and custom become a second nature. 
        Doctrine once sown strikes deep its root, and respect for antiquity influences 
        all men. Still the die is cast, and my trust is in my love of truth and 
        the candour of cultivated minds.”  
       William Harvey, one of history’s most ground-breaking 
        physiologists, was born in 1578 in Folkestone, England, where, “as 
        a child he is said to have played with the hearts of animals obtained 
        at the local slaughterhouse,” (A History of the Life Sciences, Lois 
        Magner, Marcel Dekker, 1979).   
        As an adult, Harvey earned a Bachelor of Arts from Caius College in Cambridge 
        and then went on to study medicine at the University of Padua. He later 
        returned to London, became a successful physician, was elected Fellow 
        of the College of Physicians, became a professor of anatomy, and was the 
        physician of the Biblical James I and Charles I, Kings of England.  
        The work for which Harvey is most widely renowned is his On the Motion 
        of the Heart and Blood in Animals. Published in 1628, this work contradicted 
        the teachings of Galen, the physiological canon of the day. As a consequence 
        of his controversial findings, Harvey’s medical practiced suffered 
        as patients were leery of being treated by a doctor whom they deemed a 
        quack. A clear example of the authoritative dogma that Harvey was up against 
        is illustrated in the words of John Riolan, Anatomist of the University 
        of Paris, when he said, “. . . one should not admit Galen to be 
        wrong. Even if dissection revealed differences, one must presume that 
        Galen had been right and that nature had changed since he wrote.” 
        Nevertheless, even with all the criticism directed at him, Harvey remained 
        a polite and respectful individual who would first listen patiently to 
        his opponents, and then refute them with an overwhelming amount of observational 
        evidence to the contrary.  
         
         
         
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